The aim of this research is focused on analyzing the alteration of the psychophysiological and cognitive response to an objective computerized stress test, when the behavioral response is controlled. The sample used was sports science students, with a mean age of 22.82 A quasi-experimental design was used in which the response of each participant to the DT test was evaluated. The variable “number of hours of physical activity per week” and the variable “level of behavioral response to stress” were controlled. (...) Before and after this test, the following parameters were measured: activation and central fatigue, and perceived exertion. Significant differences were found in all of the measures indicated. The usefulness of this protocol and the measures used to analyze the stress response capacity of the study subjects are discussed. (shrink)

Addressing fatigue is useful in a variety of scenarios and activities. Fatigue has recently been studied from a psychophysiological standpoint. As a result, the expression and impact of peripheral and central fatigue has been evaluated. Driving is one occupation where tiredness has disastrous consequences. BAlert is a smartphone app that approaches exhaustion with psychophysiological measures. More specifically, it evaluates the level of fatigue via heart rate variability data and the cognitive compromise via Stroop effect. The goal of this study is (...) to determine if there are gender differences in fatigue levels among professional drivers using the BAlert app. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of hours awake, in different parameters of HRV, in the level of stress, as well as in the cognitive response evaluated through the app. The results are discussed and their implications for the management of work fatigue are presented. (shrink)

In Spain, the state of alarm declared on March 14, 2020 caused changes in the population in relation to the habits of physical activity and sports practice. This study analyzed what motivational variables predicted the self-efficacy and commitment to sports practice, as well as the differences according to gender, during lockdown and the progressive de-escalation caused by COVID-19, using the theory of self-determination as a theoretical framework. The study sample was conformed of 179 subjects between 18 and 65 years of (...) age. The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale, the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and the Sport Commitment scale were applied. The most relevant results have showed significant differences in favor of the male gender in terms of levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, as well as higher levels of self-efficacy and basic psychological need of autonomy. Furthermore, the regression analysis has revealed that self-efficacy and current commitment to sports practice were explained by a variance of 57 and 64%, respectively, due to autonomous motivation and the basic psychological need of competence. Therefore, the basic psychological need of competence should be fostered in order to increase the levels of self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and commitment to sports practice of the population. (shrink)

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered as a measure of heart-brain interaction and autonomic modulation, and it is modified by cognitive and attentional tasks. In cognitive tasks, HRV was reduced in participants who achieved worse results. This could indicate the possibility of HRV predicting cognitive performance, but this association is still unclear in a high cognitive load sport such as chess Objective: To analyse modifications on HRV and subjective perception of stress, difficulty and complexity in different chess problem (...) tasks. Design: HRV was assessed at baseline. During the chess problems, HRV was also monitored, and immediately after chess problems the subjective stress, difficulty and complexity were also registered. Method: A total of 16 male chess players, age: 35.19 (13.44) and ELO: 1927.69 (167.78) were analysed while six chess problem solving tasks with different level of difficulty were conducted (two low level, two medium level and two high level chess problems). Participants were classified according to their results into two groups: high performance or low performance. Results: Friedman test showed a significant effect of tasks in HRV indexes and perceived difficulty, stress and complexity in both high and low performance groups. A decrease in HRV was observed in both groups when chess problems difficulty increased. In addition, HRV was significantly higher in the high performance group than in the low performance group during chess problems. Conclusions: An increase in autonomic modulation was observed to meet the cognitive demands of the problems, being higher while the difficulty of the tasks increased. Non-linear HRV indexes seem to be more reactive to tasks difficulty, being an interesting and useful tool in chess training. (shrink)

En este artículo analizamos los límites intrínsecos de nociones como la «dignidad humana» y otros análogos interculturales a la luz de la asimetría ineludible que imponen las reglas inherentes de inclusión, exclusión y jerarquía de todo lenguaje. En este marco, analizamos la excepcionalidad que supone la dignidad humana para el concepto mismo de los derechos humanos. Sobre esa base, sostenemos que es imperativo mantener diferenciados los privilegios que reconocemos a los animales humanos, de los derechos que reconocemos a otros animales (...) no humanos, sin que ello implique argumentar en desmedro de estos últimos. Finalmente, en el marco del análisis epistemológico y lingüístico, reconocemos el carácter paradójico e ineludible de los derechos humanos, que impone «violentamente» un orden de sentido que, en última instancia, parecen fundarse en la exclusiva voluntad del legislador. (shrink)

Este trabajo revisa y aplica algunos conceptos y relaciones entre conocimiento, investigación y desarrollo, y posteriormente, entre ciencia, tecnología, innovación y sociedad. Constituye una aproximación general, donde el conocimiento es visto como un proceso integrado que se inicia en el asombro y la curiosidad, se construye a través de la investigación y crece en múltiples disciplinas científicas básicas y aplicadas, que innovan y avanzan hacia el desarrollo y bienestar social, cultural y económico. A la luz de ciertos inventos y descubrimientos, (...) nombres y figuras notables del saber, se discuten aspectos, avances y perspectivas de una cultura basada en el conocimiento, la información y la globalización. (shrink)

Como casi todos los conceptos fi losófi cos, el de «validez normativa» tiene altos grados de ambigüedad y de vaguedad. En este trabajo me encargo de analizar la postura de distintos autores que han tratado de dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué significa que una norma sea «válida»? Para ello, tomo como hilo conductor la obra de Ernesto Garzón Valdés. Esto se debe a que los trabajos de Ernesto Garzón dedicados a este tema, le ofrecen al lector un análisis crítico (...) y comprensivo de algunas de las posturas teóricas más relevantes sobre el concepto de validez normativa. Asimismo, trabajar a través de su obra tiene un doble benefi cio: por un lado, no sólo nos permite conocer a fondo la postura teórica de autores que pertenecen a distintas corrientes del pensamiento, como Hans Kelsen, H.L.A. Hart, Francisco Suárez o von Wright por ejemplo, sino que, por el otro, nos permite conocer la postura del mismo Garzón y sus críticas a los diferentes modelos conceptuales. (shrink)

Grecia y nosotros.--Ideales de la vida humana en la antigua Grecia.--El guerrero tirteico.--Héroe griego y santo cristiano.

The following analysis consider one of the most recognized movies in the history of Cinema, “A Clockwork Orange”, identifying and examining the elements of the narration, which characterize it as a satire. However, this assertion lead to ask, which type of satire represent the Film. To structure these characterizations will be allude the Satire Theory of Friedrich Schiller, which works to delimitate not only the satirical elements of the story, but the mode the movie takes to become a critic to (...) the society. This will show how the Movie operate as a moralizing reflection, whose originality lies in the employment of the Satire to carry out this reflection. (shrink)

La llamada "moral civil" tiene tres características principales: es una "ética de mínimos", es plenamente racional, y se establece por consenso. Sin embargo, la ética no se mide por el número de preceptos, y los sistemas éticos no pueden ser clasificados por un criterio de cantidad. Más aun, es un punto de partida falso considerarla como un pensamiento racional uniforme frente a una pluralidad de creencias religiosas. Y si el consenso es sólo el resultado de una votación, puede fácilmente convertirse (...) en una dictadura de la mayoría. Por tanto, la ética civil tendría que buscarse en el sentido amplio de la justicia en vez de establecer un sistema nuevo. (shrink)

Acquaintance with the name of argument against the vacuum, the present syllogism in René Descartes’ The Principles of Philosophy of 1644 must be extended to any form of continuum space. This article studies it from the point of view of Logic, with the purpose of revealing its petitio principii in relation with the analytical judgments. Hereby, as a result of review the foremost historic sources from where Kant obtains his famous division of the judgments in analytical and synthetic, we will (...) be able to understand the best method to discern about them and to demonstrate the subdivision that we need to establish inside the analytical judgments. (shrink)

POSADA KUBISSA, Luisa, Sexo y Esencia. De esencialismos encubiertos y esencialismos heredados: desde un feminismo nominalista, ed. Horas y Horas, col. Cuadernos Inacabados, Madrid, 1998, pp. 147.

Autonomía significa capacidad de otorgarse la ley a uno mismo; atendiendo a su etimología (de "autós" -uno mismo- y "nomos", ley), consiste en tener la ley en uno mismo, o, más precisamente aún, ser uno mismo su ley. En el discurso ético, el término aparece con Kant, pero la noción y la problemática que se quieren significar con él es mucho más antigua. Ya aparece nada menos que en los capítulos segundo y tercero del Génesis. En ellos se narra que (...) en el paraíso la primera pareja humana recibió un mandato de Dios :"Puedes comer de todos los árboles del jardín; mas del árbol de la ciencia del bien y del mal no comerás en modo alguno, porque el día en que comieres, ciertamente morirás". Pero sufrieron una tentación, con el argumento de que "Dios sabe que en el momento en que comáis se abrirán vuestros ojos y seréis como dioses, conocedores del bien y del mal", y cayeron en ella. Prescindiendo del decorado, no es difícil entender que lo que aquí está en juego es la decisión sobre el bien y el mal. El hombre reclama para sí el establecer -según su ciencia, eso sí- qué está bien y qué está mal, lo que en el relato se había reservado Dios para Sí mismo. Quiere por tanto ser el origen de la ley por la que debe regir sus actos: en una palabra, quiere ser autónomo. Como puede verse tanto por el tiempo en que se escribió el relato como más aún por el tiempo al que se refiere, la cuestión es vieja. Y es crucial. No se trata de tal o cual obligación moral, sino del origen mismo de la obligación. (shrink)

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Una experiencia del vacío inicial y decisiva, y la valoración de los principales filósofos contemporáneos a la luz de ella. La filosofía dialógica del “Yo-Tú” y la identidad del “Tú”; síntesis entre trascendencia e inmanencia. Hacia lo desconocido: la antinomia religiosa. Objeciones a la postura de Buber.

Tomas Aquinas defined truth as the correspondence between things and understanding. Castro Alves paints the horror of the slave nautical traffic. In his essay On the Concept of History, Walter Benjamin reminds us: “The tradition of the oppressed teaches us that the ‘emergency situation’ in which we live is the rule.” This ‘emergency situation’ was Fascism. Albert Camus defended his romance La Peste against the accusation of Roland Barthes that is was “dehors de l’histoire”, pointing out that it was not (...) only about the recent historical phenomenon of Fascism, but also about the permanent risk of its rebirth. Agnes Heller associates faith with prejudice and alienation. The following article will explore the Thomist concept of truth, Benjamin’s concept of history, Camus’ allegory of the plague, Agnes Heller’s notion of faith and Castro Alves’ powerful denouncement of slave traffic, to better criticize the phenomenon of post-truth, a rebirth of fascist information practices. (shrink)

Este artículo fundamentado en el pensamiento rizomático de Deleuze y Guattari analiza diversas concepciones sobre cuerpos y territorios desde el período presocrático, incluyendo estudios de neurociencia y la propuesta epistémica de los feminismos decoloniales y comunitarios. Así, desarrollamos una reflexión teórica que critica las definiciones de cuerpo y territorio como «objetos dados» que se configuran como «cuerpos sin órganos» apropiados por el capitalismo y el pensamiento occidental. Nuestro objetivo es evidenciar al conocimiento como un agenciamiento relacional entre cuerpos y territorios (...) que puede ser desarrollado por segmentaciones interseccionales alternativas. Por ello, la epistemología de los cuerpos y territorios asume que sin cuerpos no hay territorios, sin territorios no hay cuerpos y sin ambos no hay conocimiento. (shrink)